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Wrist rattle

We present a range of gorgeous handmade gifts to make for baby -from a cute knitted hat with pompom trim to a wrist rattle (designed to amuse a little one the go) and a fabulous playmat.

Click here for pattern

Materials

Scraps of pink and purple felt

Water soluble pen

Stranded embroidery thread in pink, black and blue

Thread

Three bells (available from craft stores)

Two small Velcro squares or dots

Method Using pinking shears, cut two 7cm diameter felt circles (one pink and one purple) and two 16cm x 3cm strips of purple felt. Trace the pig face pattern and cut it out from pink felt.

Stitch it to a purple felt circle. Draw your face details using the water-soluble pen and embroider in the colours (see our pattern). Using backstitch for the lines and satin stitch for the fill-in areas.

Stitch the felt circles together securely around the edges, with the wrong sides facing, leaving a small opening. Insert the bells and stitch the opening closed.

Place the two strips of felt together and stitch around the edges to make the wrist strap.

Stitch the embroidered circle onto the centre of the wrist strap.

Stitch the Velcro dots to the ends of the straps to they will hold them securely in place.

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Knitted pompom hat

We give you a range of gorgeous handmade gifts to make for baby – from a cute knitted hat with pompom trim to a wrist rattle (designed to amuse a little one on the go) and a fabulous playmat.

Materials

4ply baby yarn (25g balls): 1 ball each lemon (MC), mint (C1) and lilac (C2)

One pair each 2.75mm and 3.25mm knitting needles

Tapestry needle

Measurements

To fit: 3 (6, 12, 24) mths. Fits head: 40 (45, 48, 51) cm.

Abbreviations

K: knit; patt: pattern;P: purl; rep: repeat; st/s:stitch/es.

Tension

32 sts and 42 rows to 10cm over patt, using 3.25mm needles.

HAT

Using 2.75mm needles and MC, cast on 122 (134, 146, 158) sts. Work 22 rows stocking st (1 row K, 1 row P). Change to 3.25mm needles.

Beg patt. 1st and 3rd sizes only. Using C1, 1st row. Knit.

2nd row. K5, P4, K8, P4; rep from to last 5 sts, K5.

3rd row. P5, K4, P8, K4; rep from to last 5 sts, P5.

Rep 2nd and 3rd rows once, then 2nd row once.

All sizes. (This is the 7th row for 1st and 3rd sizes, but 1st row for 2nd and 4th sizes). Using C2, 7th row. Knit.

8th row. P3, K8, P4, K8, P4; rep from to last 11 sts, K9, P3.

9th row. K3, P8, K4, P8, K4; rep from to last 11 sts, P8, K3.

Rep 8th and 9th rows once, then 8th row once.

Note. For all sizes, return to1st row as given for 1st and 3rd sizes for patt.

Using MC, rep rows 1 to 6 incl once.

Using C1, rep rows 7 to 12 incl once.

Using C2, rep rows 1 to 6 incl once.

2nd, 3rd and 4th sizes only. Using MC, rep rows 7 to 12 incl once.

3rd and 4th sizes only. Using C1, rep rows 1 to 6 incl once.

4th size only. Using C2, rep rows 7 to 12 incl once.

All sizes. Shape crown. Using MC (C2, C2, C1),1st row. K3, K2tog, K4, K2tog; rep from to last 3 sts, K3…102 (112, 122, 132) sts.

2nd row. P3, K6, P4, K6; rep from to last 3 sts, P3.

3rd row. K3, P6, K4, P6; rep from to last 3 sts, K3.

Rep 2nd and 3rd rows once, then 2nd row once.

Using C1 (MC, MC, C2), 7th row. K2, K3, K2tog; rep from to end … 82 (90, 98, 106) sts.

8th row. K3, P3, K5, P3; rep from to last 4 sts, K4.

9th row.P4, K3, P5, K3; rep from to last 3 sts, P3. Rep 8th and 9th rows once, then 8th row once.

Using C2 (C1, C1, MC), 13th row. K1, K2tog, K2, K2tog; rep from to last 3 sts, K3 … 62 (68, 74, 80) sts.

14th row. P2, K4, P2; rep from to end.

15th row. K2, P4, K2; rep from to end.

Rep 14th and 15th rows once, then 14th row once.

19th row. K2tog, all across … 31 (34, 37,40) sts.

Break off yarn, run end through rem sts, draw up and fasten off securely.

Pompoms

Make three small pompoms, once in each colour yarn and attach to the crown with a length of twisted yarn.

To make up

Join seam, noting to reverse seam for first 12 rows of stocking st. Allow stocking st to roll onto right side of hat to form purl fabric brim.

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A habit of obedience

The funeral is not a problem. Maureen simply reacts to other peoples’ distress, which is just another form of obedience after all. Tea and biscuits later is a little harder to manage. A smile insists on creeping into her mind, so she keeps her eyes lowered and speaks only in monosyllables. No one notices. They all think she’s half-mad, or stupid, or both. Everyone’s eyes are on Rita, waiting for her to give way to a distasteful show of grief. After all, Rita is David’s mistress. Was David’s mistress.

The day it happened began no differently than a hundred other Saturdays. David shaved, showered, wolfed down his food, then left for work without saying a word – although he had muttered a disgusted ‘tsk tsk’ when she walked out of her room wearing the pink silk negligee. A gift from David during their courting days, it was now worn and faded like her; but the newer purple chenille dressing gown needed to be washed.

Her breakfast was an apple and a cup of black coffee. David wanted her to lose at least four kilos. Two birds with one stone: cut down on the food bill and spare the expense of new clothes. The lingering waft of his bacon and eggs tempted her, but the habit of obedience was too strong.

Tying back her frizzy hair with a length of wool, she wandered into the bathroom to read the list of instructions he taped to the mirror each morning. This never failed to amuse her. She hadn’t looked into a mirror for years.

  1. Check to see if cows number 44 and 52 have calved.

  2. New bull pushed water trough off stand. Fix it. Water and feed him.

  3. Weed garden.

  4. Washing. Don’t forget your dressing gown again.

  5. Ironing.

  6. Clean stove.

The instructions went up to twelve. She didn’t mind. David had always been a hard worker, and he expected the same from her. Although while his poor city beginnings had given him a need for wealth and respect, she thought it was all a waste of time. Nothing held her interest any more.

Sometimes she thought about dying. The trouble was, she didn’t believe in suicide and she’d been cursed with longevity genes. Her mother had died young, but only to spite her father. He died from a fall after swearing the ghost of his wife had pitchforked the horse. Yet all the other ancestors had easily passed ninety. David didn’t know about them. He’d clearly stated that he expected her to dutifully depart this world around the age of fifty. She smiled at that. She’d inherited her mother’s spitefulness.

She decided to do the gardening first. Perhaps she’d cut roses for the convict graves near the creek, even though he laughed at her for continuing this custom started by her paternal grandmother. He laughed about Grandmother too, forgetting that the old lady had doubled the size of this farm. David had sold most of those added acres to buy properties in Perlea – all in Maureen’s name so the farm could help reduce the taxes. After she died, in a year or two, five at the most, David would reap his rightful rewards. For now she could just be sensible and sign the cheques. Or so he always said.

Her bank manager had hinted with meaningful looks and many hums and hahs that signing cheques without question could be considered rather stupid. But David had always been clever with business. The bank balance and property assets continued to grow under his management. Maureen had to agree with the banker. She was stupid. Like her grandmother.

She was down on her hands and knees, enjoying the smell of earth and freshly cut roses, when a blue sedan rattled through the gateway. Standing slowly, she stared along the winding track leading up to the highway. Nobody came to see her any more. The people in the car would be looking for David. He sold real estate on weekends.

They would see she hadn’t bothered to dress. That was another bad habit she’d picked up since her daughter Alana left – like preferring her own company to others and conversing with the dogs. Now there’d be new rumours about old Rummy Tom’s eccentric daughter. Runs in the family, they’d say. They’d feel sorry for David and buy more goods from his store instead of going to the competition. Whitewood’s shop, the only other general store in Perlea, was run by a straitlaced and godly pair. No gossip there. No chance to watch Rita and David exchanging secret smiles.

She wanted to run and hide, but David’s instructions had been perfectly clear. If anyone comes send them straight to the store.

‘He’s not here,’ she called. ‘His office is in Perlea. That’s three kilometres down the highway. You can’t miss it, there’s no houses until you get there.’

A tall thin man unwound from the car, managing not to look amused or shocked by this frowsy woman in a soiled pink negligee.

‘Maureen Simmons?’ he asked hesitantly, seeming to doubt the question then her nod of affirmation. Frowning, he glanced past her to the house before finally proffering a thin white object. ‘I live in the flat next to Alana. She asked me to give you this.’

Maureen’s hands closed to fists. It was an involuntary reaction. But David had never actually forbidden her to accept mail. The postman usually delivered it to his office. She snatched the envelope out of the tall man’s hand.

‘I told her last night that I was heading out this way. Holidays, you know?’ he said. ‘She gave me the note this morning.’

Maureen hugged the letter to her chest. She wanted to ask this man in for a cup of tea or a glass of lemonade. Maybe bacon and eggs if the hens had laid. She could cut the strips of bacon into paper thin slices so David wouldn’t realise that some were missing. Anything to keep this man here while she asked about the baby, about how Alana lived, who were her friends. If she’d let her hair grow long again. If she still had that cheeky grin.

She thrust the bunch of roses into his hand.

The hint of derision faded from his eyes. He reached out with one finger and brushed a tear from her cheek.

No one had touched her since Alana left. She tried to thank him, but the words wouldn’t form. It was too long since she’d talked with a stranger. Since she’d talked at all.

He smiled reassurance and turned away.

As Maureen watched his car disappear from view, she stroked the envelope lightly with the cushions of her fingertips while imagining the texture of Alana’s skin. She touched the scrawled name and imagined touching Alana’s cheek. She turned the envelope over, smiling at the strip of Sellotape sealing the flap like a band-aid covering a cut knee. Careful not to hurt, she scratched up the edges of the tape and gently eased it away. Inside was a single sheet of paper. Once pristine, it was now soiled around the edges and crumpled by indifferent hands. Slowly, she filled the envelope with petals and lay it on the ground. Savouring was often better than having.

It was a gas bill. Surely Alana knew that David never left money in the house. He handled all the expenses. Wait, the back was covered in Alana’s untidy scrawl. Smoothing the sheet, Maureen read aloud:

I’m sorry Mum. They took the baby last night. They said I was unfit. He won’t let me come home and I’ve got nowhere else. Michael left a month ago and I don’t know how to be alone. I’ve been saving sleeping pills. I know you can’t help it. I can’t help it either. Love you. Alana.

The scream followed her to the gate. It began again when there was no sign of the blue car, or any other. It continued tearing at her throat as she stumbled and ran three kilometres to the small town of Perlea. There was a phone booth outside the caravan park, but she had no money and the operator asked questions she couldn’t answer. Her voice lay somewhere on the road along with her screams.

She ran from the booth but forgot to release the receiver. It jerked her backwards in a stumbling fall. She hit the back of the booth then fell forward in a tangle of arms and legs. Two boys riding tandem on a ten-speed bike stopped to stare down at the madwoman with a negligee around her neck. She tried to show them the letter. One snatched it out of her hand and pedalled away. The other one ran beside him. Their laughter thudded between her eyes like a closed fist. She caught up with them at the next corner and threw the rider off the bike and onto his mate with one backhanded sweep of her arm. Snatching the letter, she pedalled into the main street, still trying to scream Alana’s name. The boys ignored their coating of pebbles and raced after her. Their yells mingled with her shrieks and brought David racing out of the store.

Maureen remembers the look on David’s face. The mourners are shocked by her sudden snort of laughter. She turns it into a cough. The minister hurries forward to pat her back. She sprays him with orange cream biscuit. Maureen’s second snort of laughter is hidden by the crush of Perlea ladies rushing to brush him down. The minister is a bachelor and competition is fierce. She adds to the confusion with a surreptitious tweak of his thigh before wandering outside for the more appealing company of her dogs. She watches as they greet a visiting cur.

Rita follows her onto the verandah but turns her back on the dogs. Their method of introduction and identification offends her city-bred sensibilities.

‘The roses are beautiful,’ she says in her carefully modulated, well educated voice. ‘Mum planted them before she died,’ Maureen says dreamily. ‘Dad wanted to rip them out but he couldn’t be bothered. Alana loved them too.’

Rita’s sigh is as carefully modulated as her voice and clothes. ‘It must have been hard for you,’ she murmurs. ‘I believe your father was a very difficult man with rather strange habits. Or so the people in Perlea say.’

Maureen shrugs. ‘He just liked to dress in Mum’s clothes. And he was all right with me as long as I did what I was told.’ She gives Rita a sideways glance. ‘It gets to be a habit. Like it did with David.’

Rita’s voice is a little rough around the edges as she replies, ‘You chose to marry him.’ ‘I thought he’d take me away from here,’ Maureen sighs. ‘But then Dad died and David said if we waited the farm would be worth more. We waited too long past the boom. Don’t think he wanted to go really.’

‘You shouldn’t blame him for making Alana leave,’ Rita whispers. ‘He couldn’t abide the shame of a wayward daughter. He was hard, but you have to admire him. What is a man without principles?’

Maureen doesn’t remind Rita of the proviso in Dad’s will. Equal share of the farm between Maureen and Alana, provided that Maureen never signed any of it over to her husband and Alana stayed until she was of legal age. David turned her out of the house a month before her eighteenth birthday.

Although to be fair to David, Alana had wanted to go. She stopped calling him ‘Dad’ a month after Rita came to Perlea.

Thinking of Perlea reminds Maureen of David’s face again.

Perlea turned out to stare at the mute madwoman cycling along the main street in a tattered pink silk negligee. Maureen bent low over the handlebars, pedalling hard to stay in front of the boys. While they ran, they leapt into the air trying to grab her negligee as it flared out in her slipstream. One finally managed to grab a ruff of pink lace, which was enough to make her lose control. The bike threw her onto the footpath in front of David.

She tried to force out the words to tell him about Alana, but they were caught somewhere down in her throat. She wheezed and gasped, raking at her tongue and cheeks and tearing at her hair. When a crowd gathered, David mumbled something about that certain time of life and bundled her into the store.

Rita pried the letter out of her fingers. Rita phoned the police and ambulance. Rita gave her water to wet her throat so she could speak. Rita gave her a handful of tranquillisers and did not notice when she spat them out.

Back at the funeral, Maureen remembers how Rita’s need to be seen as a compassionate person had saved Alana’s life. She wonders if the deed is more important than the reason. She shrugs away the thought as being too complicated for her simple mind, and turns to watch a taxi move slowly down the track from the highway. This time she doesn’t try to hide the brightness of her eyes.

Rita is clutching her arm. The urgency is transferred. Maureen faces her.

‘I just want you to know that I never meant you any harm,’ Rita says. ‘I knew him a long time ago. We were childhood sweethearts. Meeting him again…’ She stops to sigh. ‘I never meant you any harm.’

Maureen pats Rita’s shoulder. What else can she do? After the farm accident, the police had questioned Rita first. She had confessed to giving Maureen the tranquillisers and they knew David’s mistress wouldn’t lie about that. Rita had confirmed the town’s opinion that Maureen is more simple than insane, and the police agreed that stupidity is akin to innocence. And Rita had saved Alana’s life.

David had refused to speak as he drove Maureen back to the farm that day. He was angry at her for casting a slur on his reputation. As owner of the general store and a councilman, he had an image to uphold. Hale bluff David may not be so hearty after all. Why didn’t his wife have a car, the Perleans were asking each other. Why couldn’t she use the homestead phone?

He reminded them of her father, Rummy Tom the funny dresser. And of Tom’s older sister, weird Margaret the greenie. Turned eighty now and still running round the country hugging trees. And what about Grandma gathering roses for century-dead convicts, and Maureen hardly ever coming into Perlea any more. He wiped a drool of water from her chin and called attention to the faded pink negligee. What normal woman wears such a thing to town?

Maureen merely looked up at him and smiled. The ambulance had reached Alana in time.

Back at the farm, she refused to finish the chores and staggered off to bed, pretending to under the influence of tranquillisers. A small triumph, but a heady one. Perhaps she would balk at making dinner. It was time to make a stand. Alana had always said that people used her. David said she liked to be used, and some people were born wimps. Maureen’s mother had once said that she’d been born with a habit of obedience.

He stood over the bed and glared. Her resolve disappeared. She tried to say she would start with the cows.

‘Not one word,’ he said sternly. ‘I do not want to hear your voice. I’ll do the chores you neglected. Meanwhile I have unlocked the phone, but you are not to use it. Nor are you to leave this room until I give my permission.’

She watched through the window as he checked numbers 44 and 52. They hadn’t calved. Next on his list was the bull.

That’s when she remembered that it hadn’t been fed or watered. She leaned through the window to call out a warning. But David had said he did not want to hear her voice.

The bull charged out of the shed as David walked through the gateway. He jumped back, but didn’t have time to throw the bolt. The animal slammed into the gate which slammed into David, hurling him flat out on his back in the middle of the track. Maureen could have called out and told him that the bull just wanted to reach the water trough. All he had to do was lie still. But he’d forbidden her to speak.

David staggered to his feet and tried to run. He was between the bull and the trough. He never had a chance.

Maureen watched the animal drink his fill then wander away to eat. She could have left her room and telephoned for help. But the habit of obedience was too strong.

‘If only I hadn’t given you those tranquillisers,’ Rita says at the funeral. ‘If he hadn’t lain there all day, he’d still be alive now. If only I’d come before dark to see why he wasn’t answering the phone.’

‘So many ifs,’ Maureen agrees sadly.

‘It could be the wrong time to raise this issue,’ Rita says, ‘but I’ve worked for next to nothing and invested all my savings in the properties David acquired. Of course we never signed a contract, but David told me that he’d changed his will, leaving the townhouse and half the store to me. You can’t run the shop, and I don’t want to leave. I’ll sell the house and buy out your share. I’ll even take some of those other places off your hands if you like. They’d just keep you away from the farm.’

The taxi stops. Alana and her baby are inside. Maureen is packed and ready to go. A new life with her daughter and grand-daughter. They’d go far from the farm – perhaps to the city and live amongst strangers. It would be difficult at first, but with Alana’s help she’d be able to break all the old habits.

Rita holds her arm, waiting for an answer.

Maureen knows that David had never made a will. He had nothing to leave. Everything is in Maureen’s name. Of course she could mention these facts, but she’d never been good at words. And Rita had saved Alana’s life. The least Maureen owes her is a few days of dreaming. The lawyers will give David’s mistress the true facts when she tries to make a claim.

And Rita’s voice has a tone of authority, so of course Maureen agrees to everything she says. The habit of obedience is still strong.

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Too sad to sleep?

From The Australian Women’s Weekly

Insomnia, How to sleep easy health book.

One of the most common causes of insomnia is anxiety. The relationship between anxiety and insomnia is a relatively simple one. Anxiety produces increased alertness. However, your alertness level must be low for sleep to occur for any number of reasons.

Depression is another common mood disturbance that effects sleep. Often people who are depressed fall asleep easily, but then may wake up in the morning and be quite unable to sleep again.

This sleeping pattern can happen for other reasons, too, and isn’t always associated with depression. However, depression doesn’t always produce sleeplessness – sometimes opposite is true. Some people, who are depressed sleep a lot, are often lethargic during the day and find it very difficult to get enthusiastic and motivated about anything.

Other symptoms of depression are:

  • Feelings of great sadness

  • Tearfulness

  • Weight loss or gain

  • Difficulty with concentration and memory

  • Sometimes, suicidal thoughts

If you have symptoms of depression associated with sleep disturbance you should consult your doctor, particularly if these symptoms are severe – and seek help immediately if you have thoughts of suicide.

In many cases, treating the depression fixes the sleep disturbance. This can be true even when it seems that the sleep disturbance came before the feelings of depression.

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Make new friends

Photo by Getty Images

The more diverse your circle of friends, the healthier you’ll be. Here are some ‘natural’ ideas on how to connect with others.

  • Put your hand up: Besides introducing you to new people, putting yourself forward for charity or volunteer work makes you feel better about yourself.

  • Open your mind: Fancy making a vegetarian lasagna? Learning the lotus position? Check out the notice-boards at your local health food store for ideas on courses where you’ll meet like-minded people.

  • Think pink: Crystal therapists say rose-coloured quartz has the power to encourage love and friendship. Carry a small piece in your purse, or place it on your desk.

  • Stamp out shyness: Flower essences such as Mimulus (Mimulus guttatus) is said to help you overcome nervousness and communicate better. Place up to 4 drops under your tongue four times a day.

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Caring for the aged

Many Australians, at some time in their life, will need to access aged care services – if not for themselves, for their spouse, parents, children, relatives or friends.

Through Commonwealth, State and Local government departments and a large number of community organisations, there is a wide range of services and support available – you just need to know what is available and how you can access it.

This book explains all you need to know about community and residential aged care services and includes an extensive collection of contact details for support and community organisations.

Available at selected newsagents and bookshops, or buy it online, RRP A$24.95.

Aged Care in Australia

As Australia’s population grows older, the number of people in Australia aged 65 and over is predicted to increase from 12.3 per cent of the population or 2.3 million people in 1999 to around 18 per cent or 4.2 million people in 2021 and increasing to 26 per cent of our population or 6.6 million people in 2051.

The number of people aged 85 and over has also increased significantly since 1991. Although people aged 85 years and over currently only represent about 1.3 per cent of the population, numbers in this age group are increasing rapidly and are projected to reach almost 500,000 by 2021 and 1.3 million by 2051.

Of this group, it is estimated that fewer than one in 10 will need to move into a hostel or nursing home but many more may require some level of assistance to help them remain in their home.

Aged care services – what assistance is available?

Aged care services in Australia are provided in a wide variety of forms but can generally be divided into two main groups:

  • Residential based services where the person moves into a hostel or nursing home

  • Community based services where the person continues to live at home

Residential care

The Commonwealth government currently provides funding for nearly 143,500 residential care places in approximately 3000 facilities across Australia. Residential places are provided for those requiring both low levels of care (in hostels) and high levels of care (in nursing homes). Some retirement villages now offer limited assistance or “assisted living”. Retirement villages will be discussed further in Chapter 15.

Community care

For those not requiring residential care, a range of community care options is available including:

  • Community Aged Care Packages (CACP)

  • The EACH program (Extended Aged Care at Home)

  • Home and Community Care (HACC) services

There are also additional services available for family or others providing care for older people to further assist them to remain in their own homes.

How aged care services are funded

Aged care services in Australia are primarily funded and regulated by the Commonwealth government through the Department of Health and Ageing. Some programs (such as Home and Community Care) are jointly funded through agreements between the Commonwealth and the State or Territory governments. The total funding from the Commonwealth government for aged care services for the 2001-2002 financial year was approximately $5.4 billion of which just over $4 billion was spent providing residential aged care services.

Who provides aged care?

Aged care services are provided by three distinct groups of organisations.

  • Charitable and religious groups.

  • Private companies

  • The Government (both State and Local levels)

The charitable and religious sector represents the largest group of providers, owning over 63 per cent of all residential places. This sector is the main provider of residential aged care services in rural and remote areas across Australia.

The private sector now represents just over 27 per cent, a figure that has been slowly increasing since the early 1990s.

The government sector, which includes State and local government bodies, represents the remaining 9.5 per cent of places.

Rules governing aged care – government legislation

If you are involved with providing care for the elderly at any level you need to be aware that all facets of providing residential and community based care are regulated by law. Residential and community aged care is administered under two pieces of Commonwealth legislation:

  • The Aged Care Act 1997; and

  • The Home and Community Care Act 1985.

The Aged Care Act 1997 covers all aspects of how residential care, flexible care and community aged care packages are planned, funded, provided and regulated. This Act came into force on 1 October 1997 and represented a significant change to the way aged care services are governed.

The Home and Community Care Act 1985 is an essential guide for those involved with providing Home and Community Care (HACC) services. The Act outlines the agreement between the Commonwealth and State/Territory governments for the regulation and funding of these services.

Providers of residential aged care services in some states are also required to meet conditions laid down in state-based legislation such as the Nursing Homes Act 1988 and Nursing Homes Regulation 1996 (NSW). These additional pieces of legislation are generally more prescriptive than the Commonwealth Aged Care Act 1997 but apply only to certain types of facilities in the specific state. For example, the Nursing Homes Act 1988 only applies to nursing homes in New South Wales and does not cover other residential facilities in New South Wales such as hostels. It is also not applicable to nursing homes in any other state of Australia.

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Is snacking dangerous?

Snacking may seem like a sensible way to keep your energy levels up, but all-day grazing can put you at increased risk for type II diabetes, stroke and heart disease, say researchers from the Hannah...

Snacking may seem like a sensible way to keep your energy levels up, but all-day grazing can put you at increased risk for type II diabetes, stroke and heart disease, say researchers from the Hannah Research Institute in Ayr, Scotland, in a study published in the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. The increased risk is the result of insulin spikes created by eating foods that have a high glycaemic index (GI), a measure of how high a particular food raises blood sugar. The solution is to eat snacks that have a low GI, like cashews and grapefruit. For a detailed list of low glycaemic foods, visit the GI website created by the University of Sydney at www.glycemicindex.com. For good health, pick snacks with a GI less than 50.

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How to plan your big day

The big question's been popped, but now what? We found the best online sources to make planning almost as fun as the big day.

Planning your dream wedding can be tough without the right tools. Do your research online before you walk down the aisle to save yourself time, money and stress.

Let us point you in the right direction for tips, tools and advice from the experts.

Where is it?

www.i-do.com.au

What is it?

Australia’s leading weddings site.

It’s good for…

Providing regional directories for fashion, flowers and transport. Tips and advice on planning, live chats, real-life stories, membership and more. It’s well worth a click.

Where is it?

www.law.gov.au

What is it?

A directory of Marriage Celebrants, provided by the Attorney General’s Department.

It’s good for…

Finding a wedding celebrant.

Where is it?

www.dfat.gov.au

What is it?

Everything you need to know about getting married overseas

It’s good for…

Making sure you have all your bases covered before you elope to an exotic location!

Where is it?

www.theknot.com

What is it?

US-based weddings site.

It’s good for…

Although it lacks Australian local content, it is great for tools, such as the checklist and budget planning tools.

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Q&a: Jane Elizabeth Varley

Author of our August Great Read, Wives and Lovers.

**Q How has the book been received in the UK?

A** It was published a week ago and we’ve had a lot of interest. It came out in hardback and it’s in all the bookshops and getting very good review coverage. Which is fantastic and surprising, because I’m a first-time author and it’s not always easy to get a book off the ground. The publisher has been great, they’re 100% behind it.

**Q You’re obviously hopeful the publication of your debut novel is the beginning of a long and successful writing career?

A** I’m working on the second book at the moment which isn’t a sequel to Wives and Lovers, although some of the minor characters do re-appear. They are minor characters in Wives and Lovers but, in the second book, they are main characters. So it’s the same setting, same type of location, but different theme. I feel very driven to write a second book.

**Q I think a lot of women will relate to Wives and Lovers and it’s theme of modern marriage – what drew you to it?

A** I’m 37 now and I guess I’m at a stage in my life where most of my friends are married, building up their families but I also have a number of friends who are in their forties and starting to struggle and in some cases separate and divorce. It’s that time of life. So it’s something that I saw going on around me. And I’ve seen it from both sides of the fence because I’ve been a single parent, like the character Annie in the book, but I’ve also been married. And I’m aware of the kind of thing that the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence. The girls who are single, envy their married friends. The married girls envy their single friends and I wanted to look at that and see, what is the reality? What are the advantages? To some extent, even though the characters David and Victoria have what you’d call a bad marriage, there is still some companionship, some shared activity although their quality of life together is very low. Whereas with Clara and Tom, she is very dissatisfied. There’s a lot of dullness there. But she goes back to that companionship even though there isn’t the excitement. I wanted to look at all of that and see what it is that keeps couples together in a long term relationship?

**Q Did you come to any conclusion or do you have any answers?

A I would NOT** set myself up as having answers for anyone. Although it may sound clichéd, I think trying to reach some acceptance of where you are at the time. I think the idea that if you have an affair, or if you change your partner, or if you move to another part of the country then your life is going to magically improve is very corrosive. You still take yourself with you and I think it’s important to have that acceptance of where you are now. And I think that’s what stage Victoria reaches, because she’s in complete denial about the state of her marriage and one day she has to say, ‘Well, what’s the reality?’ I suppose it is taking a long hard look at where you are and seeing whether you can work it out from that point.

**Q I think, too, your story says that it takes a lot of courage to end even an unhappy marriage?

A** That is really important. When Clara and Victoria have that argument and Clara says, ‘Why don’t you just leave?’, it’s probably a question we’ve all asked about our friends either directly of them or indirectly in our own mind. If you’re unhappy why don’t you leave? These days it’s not that easy. I suppose I wanted to make a point too in that argument between the sisters, that we don’t ever really understand the true dynamics of other peoples’ relationships. It’s very easy to give advice, but it’s tough to actually carry that out. And Victoria has a lot of fear. She’s looking out thinking, ‘Well, do I really want to be on the dating scene again?’ That’s the thing I hear a lot of. Women who are dissatisfied in their marriage but think it’s a very scary place out there.

**Q You’re single again, aren’t you? So how are you finding the dating scene?

A** This is going to be in my second book, too. I find it incredibly difficult. Going through that process. I’m pretty positive. I think you’ve got to go out there, be not too heavy about things, be fairly light-hearted and see what happens. I think if you come out of a marriage thinking, ‘hopefully, soon, I’m going to find the love of my life’, you might be disappointed. But if you go out and do all the standard things, building up your network, your social life, going out with your friends, then I think that’s a good place to start from. In my second book it’s something I want to look at – from the point of view of a woman in a traditional marriage who has been looked after by her husband, and she suddenly finds herself on her own. We think, don’t we, that in this age of women’s liberation that everybody is independent? But I know plenty of women who still have quite a traditional marriage, and who are frightened of the idea of being by themselves.

**Q I can’t imagine you ever being a dependent wife?

A** I think there was certainly a stage in my life earlier when I was living in France and I wasn’t working and I did fall into that – it’s something I’ve never thought about really. In France I didn’t have very good language skills and I was dependent on my husband, and that becomes a cycle – the less you do the less you can do. I have got a fear of that. Outside of that, I’ve always worked. I was a law lecturer.

**Q You’re writing full-time now?

A** Yes. Promoting the book and looking after my son Adam, who’s 12 in August, keeps me pretty busy.

**Q Are you okay financially, because that’s the other big challenge for people who want to write full-time?

A** Yes, I mean I have to be careful. I’m not going on any exotic holidays, but I’m managing.

**Q Do you still believe in marriage as a valid institution and see it as a good thing to have in life?

A** Yes, of course I do. It’s the ideal, isn’t it? I think it’s the state to which most of us aspire. I think independence is an important quality, but I don’t myself feel that I am at my best when I am on my own. I feel happiest when I’m in a loving, supportive partnership. I think the challenge is getting the quality of that relationship, particularly for a number of years, with children coming along as well. I don’t know what you think of this but I think most of us are still drawn to the romantic idea.

**Q Yes, but isn’t that part of the problem? We believe in the idyllic image of the great lover with whom we’re going to run off into the sunset. Maybe we should be a bit more realistic, more aware that marriage is a difficult thing to do well over the long-term?

A** It’s unglamorous isn’t it? And hard work. As Clara has to do, in the aftermath of their problems – you have to sit down and talk to a counsellor when you don’t really want to. When it would be so much easier to walk out of the door and say, ‘Well, I’ll just start again.’ And particularly when you have the same issue and you despair of ever resolving it. One of the things I want to look at in book two is step-families. I have a couple of friends who are dealing with step-children. Really, it’s never going to be perfect.

There was an Australian film, Lantana, it was such a good film, the way it captured that distance between the couple and their inability to overcome it. And I suppose, the irony of her being a psychiatrist and yet she couldn’t talk to the person closest to her. It goes back to what we were saying a little earlier about communication and how hard that can be.

**Q You finally began to write your book when you moved to Normandy – how long where you there for?

A** A year.

**Q Did you know what kind of book you wanted to write?

A** I wanted to write an engaging novel. The challenge to me was to write a book that was going to be a page-turner, where the reader was driven to read on. In a way, that was what intrigued me and beyond that, there were themes and characters I wanted to write about. To an extent, I guess all the three sisters in Wives And Lovers are autobiographical. Each represents a different stage in my life. Victoria and her struggle with her marriage, Annie as the single parent as I was, and Clara who professionally is the character closest to me – I was a law lecturer too – although I did not have an affair with a younger student!

**Q You were a single mother after your first marriage ended?

A** Yes, I was a single mother for three years and it was a very tough time. I was working full-time. I also did private tuition in the evenings. It was a hard time. There was a study here in the UK recently that found the two biggest problems facing single mothers are financial insecurity and social isolation. And that was something in the flashbacks in the book, I really wanted to bring out. When you get home at night and you can’t afford a baby-sitter and you’re in with the children.

**Q I imagine you and your son are especially close?

A** We are close because we’ve been through a lot together, although I’ve always encouraged him to be active. But I’ve also been conscious of not wanting to fall into that trap of the mother with the only son and being too suffocating and cloying. I’m lucky though because he’s quite sporty so he has his own network and his own interests. That’s sparked off something else in my mind that I want to write about – what can happen after divorce when women make children their surrogate partner. I see quite a lot of that and I feel it could be quite dangerous.

**Q I read that you always felt a person’s mid-30’s was a good time to write. Was that because you feel you need more experience?

A** I think books draw heavily from life experience. There are some wonderfully talented writers who produce great books in their 20’s – I’m not criticising that. But for me and the kind of book I’m interested in, it is based on life experience. Particularly when you are writing about relationships.

**Q It was your husband who encouraged you to get an agent?

A** Yes.

**Q Was your manuscript snapped up?

A** Pretty much so, yes. I’d finished the novel and I sent it to a couple of agents and somebody called me back quite quickly. It did happen fast. I was amazed because you think it will be a very long haul, but things happened very quickly.

**Q What kind of contract did you get?

A** A two-book contract with Orion.

**Q Was writing a novel a life long ambition?

A** Yes, but I think in my twenties I was very much preoccupied with my career in law and also I became a mother when I was 25, so it wasn’t something I tried to focus on. I think it was just a question of events coalescing and I found myself at the right time in my mid 30’s in Normandy, with the time to sit down and write the book. Other people had been saying to me for a long time, ‘oh, you really ought to write a book’. And I suppose I was a keen writer of letters and emails and it almost reached a stage where I thought, ‘well, I’ve got to see if I can do that.’ But I didn’t have any background in creative writing, hadn’t done a course or anything like that. I just literally sat down one day and started at page one and carried on and the book almost wrote itself. It all came out.

**Q Tell me a bit about living in Normandy?

A** I was living on the coast in Deaxville which is quite a traditional French town. It has a strong fishing industry and in the hinterland, it’s agricultural, so you have a daily market. Obviously, there is a very strong cuisine. It also had a very old-fashioned sense of neighbourhood – everyone knows everyone else. There’s one school, like a little town school and all the kids go there. It’s a very integrated social community with a small ex-pat community, which I became involved in. In fact we had a book club there. That was a highlight. It’s a very picturesque, traditional way of life which doesn’t really exist in the UK any more.

**Q And your husband was working there?

A** My husband’s family is French. And it was something he wanted to do for a while – go and spend some time in France, but in fact what happened was he had a business and he ended up spending quite a bit of time in the UK. I was the person who became more integrated into the life than he did. And I would have stayed, but sadly because of business commitments we had to come back to the UK.

**Q You had a very sad childhood – I read about your Mum being an alcoholic and committing suicide – that was a major thing to recover from at the age of 15. Did you need help to get through it, or has life and time healed it for you?

A** Life and time, that is a good phrase. And it’s working through it. I had huge issues of my own when my son was born. And it’s just actually living with those feelings and working through them. In my early 20’s and teenage years, I think it was something I blocked out. The two things were running parallel. I had this very chaotic and disturbing family situation, but at the same time I went to a grammar school, I was pushed very hard academically, put in for a scholarship at Oxford and then reading for the Bar. So in a sense it got repressed until I had my own family which was a huge trigger. It’s been a process of working through that from there.

**Q So you must have had a lot of unresolved grief?

A** Absolutely and that was triggered when my son was born. When I thought about the publicity for my book, I had to think very closely as to whether I was going to talk about all this. I’m not a crusader, but it was really important to me to in a small way, to look at the theme in the book and to show how you can reach the stage as a mother where you actually consider taking your own life. Because most people would say, ‘well, how selfish. You should think about the children.’ And what I tried to show is that suicide is a part of a wider picture of mental illness. It goes with the most basic level of low self-esteem and then it becomes severe depression and other disturbances as well and I’m just trying to put it into that context. And also to break away from the stigma. Suicide is still the kind of death that people shy away from. There’s no reason for that. It seems to me that it’s the conclusion of mental illness. We’re beginning to be more open, more educated about mental illness in this country, we’ve still got some way to go. Suicide is still a very strong taboo and I felt really strongly that that is something I wanted to break, in my own small way.

**Q You do it well I think, because you experience the depression that leads to the suicide attempt and the state of mind of the character, who tells herself that her child would be better off without her anyway?

A** Yes, that’s the really frightening part of the illness, that it normalises abnormal emotions and responses. It’s what depression does, if you think about it. At the simplest level people can’t get out of bed, can’t get dressed – the character in my book had reached the stage where she was just too tired to make the bed, it seems too overwhelming and then she goes and talks to someone and begins to realise that is not normal.

I don’t know what the figures are, but depression does seem to affect more women than men, unless it’s that women are more open about it.

**Q What did your father do for a living?

A** He worked for BOAC and then for British Airways on the management side. He died when I was 25.

**Q Was he an important part of your life?

A** He was an enormous part of my life during my childhood because he was the stable, reliable parent. I certainly owe him a great debt for all the normality he brought to my life and the encouragement he gave me. He made me feel that I could go out into the world and achieve things. Although it affects everyone in the family, we are only just beginning to talk about alcoholism in this country. There is an enormous taboo around that, too. I have some friends in the US and of course the recovery culture is much stronger in the States. In the UK the country as a whole is in denial. And we have a growing and obvious problem of alcohol abuse.

**Q You walk your dog every day in Richmond Park. What’s his or her name?

A** Pillsbury. She’s a French mountain dog and I actually rescued her when we were living in France. She’s about 35kgs and she’s very shaggy.

**Q Your book depicts Surrey. How would you describe the Surrey lifestyle?

A** It’s a moneyed lifestyle. But Surrey people will pride themselves on their good taste. It’s not as ostentatious or flashy as Essex. The worst thing you can do is tell someone who’s from Surrey, that they look like an Essex wife. Although Victoria will go to the gym and she will have her nails done, the style is much more understated. And there’s much more of an emphasis on trying to attain, buy into the idea of classic English good taste. Victoria and David, for example, decide they’re going to have a tennis court rather than a swimming pool. And there’s that slight awareness -what will people think? In Surrey they are probably more likely to drive a Mercedes Estate than a big wheel drive. It’s all those little style things. And a Surrey wife probably won’t spend as much on clothes and she’ll be a little bit more conservative. And less adventurous. And there’s incredible emphasis on the children attending the ‘right’ school and university.

**Q Do you have any dreams?

A** To have a balance in my life. Balance between work and time with my son. To spend time with friends. To be able to travel. To come to Australia at some point. I’m very content with my life, actually.

**Q Star sign?

A** Cancerian.

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Bathroom accessories

Add a little pizazz to your bathroom with these great accessories that are so easy to make.

Materials

FIMO modelling clay (available at large craft retailers and selected art stores)

Seahorse and shell moulds (we used plastic chocolate moulds which are available at large craft retailers)

Paintbrush

Baby powder

FIMO metallic powder (available at large craft retailers and selected art stores)

Sharp knife

Fork

Skewer

Glass and ceramic bottles

Shell

Baking tray

Aluminium foil

Gloss or satin varnish

Wooden backed hairbrush

Craft glue

Step One

Knead the clay until it becomes pliable. Brush the sea horse and shell moulds lightly with powder, then press the clay firmly into the moulds. Smooth the backs of the shapes, then push them out of the moulds and trim the edges with the knife.

Step Two

Make the starfish decoration by moulding flattened balls of clay; squeeze the corners to form the points of the starfish. Use the fork to make dots in the clay along the points. Using the skewer, make a hole in the end of one point – this allows you to hang the starfish shape around the neck of a bottle. Brush your shapes lightly with metallic powder.

Step Three

Roll the clay into rope-like lengths and twist two of these together. Place the twists around the neck of a bottle and press the ends together. Use twists or single lengths to decorate the necks or ridges of your bottles, as pictured. Brush the twists with metallic powder, if desired.

Step Four

To cover a bottle, mould a large piece of flattened clay over the surface of the bottle, adding more clay as you work. Make a soap dish in the same way using an existing soap dish or a shell as a mould. If any air bubbles form in the clay, pierce them with a pin and press down gently to remove them.

Step Five

Place your prepared objects on a baking tray covered with foil. Bake in a conventional oven, at 130 degrees Celsius for 25-30 minutes. When cool, apply one or two coats of varnish to the shapes and allow to dry. Glue the shapes onto bottles, a hairbrush or other objects such as boxes and bowls to create a range of coordinating bathroom accessories.

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