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Cowardly canine

Question:

Our dog Jazz is a two-and-a-half-year-old Weimeraner x who we picked up from the pound two years ago. She had been mistreated for the first three months of her life then lived at the pound for the next two months before we adopted her. She’s a lovely dog, however, she is constantly edgy and scared — she freezes and shakes when in a confined space such as the car and spends most of her time hiding in her kennel. Once we are walking her she is fine but as soon as we get home she hides again. How can we gain her trust and make her realise she has nothing to be scared of?

— Donna

Answer:

It sounds like poor old Jazz really has some issues of anxiety that are pretty well ingrained in her personality, which is not surprising with her history. If she is hiding even at home, things are pretty bad and she would definitely be a candidate for medical intervention. There are many specific anti-anxiety medications that will not sedate her but help with the imbalance of neurotransmitter chemicals in her brain contributing to her stress. Once her anxiety is being treated you can start some behavioural modification therapy, which will teach her to be calm and have more positive associations with things.

She has learned that she can’t rely on humans and that she needs to fear all unknown things and over time you can help to change this. It will take time and you will need the help of a behaviourist. Positive rewards will be the key and not pushing her beyond what she is comfortable with. They will give you specific exercises with relation to travel, meeting strangers and individual phobias. She will probably always be a reserved and shy dog but I have seen many patients like this make huge improvements so there is hope for your hound!

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Two bad habits of highly effective people

After dinner drinks

There are two bad habits that are common to many people in today’s fast-paced world: the get-me-going caffeine charger, and the wind-me-down after work — or ‘wine o’clock’ — drinks. We all know that everything is fine when alcohol and coffee are enjoyed in moderation, but if you enjoy one too many of either of these beverages, you’ll be jeopardising your health, your weight-loss goals and your highly effective performance. So if you’re pounding away at the gym and still not shifting the kilos, perhaps you should ask yourself if you have:

  • One too many after-work drinks

If you enjoy a glass or two of wine with dinner or a couple of beers after work on Friday, you’re drinking at a “safe” level. However, if that enjoyment extends to more than a few wines or beers or a “heavy session” every weekend, then you’re heading into the heavy drinking zone. Heavy drinking leads to a range of health and social problems and is more frequent in young and middle age males and women working in highly competitive jobs.Alcohol is also high in kilojoules and frequently consumed with high fat, high kilojoule snacks ( for example, chips, nuts, etc). Plus, drinking alcohol tends to stimulate your appetite and lower your resolve for sticking to those healthy eating goals. This means that you’re far more likely to go for the late night kebab than the sushi on the way home and end up adding a whole lot more kilojoules to your day!

  • One too many caffeine chargers

Caffeine is a drug and acts as a stimulant. It’s found in foods, drinks and medicines, and occurs naturally in plants such as coffee, tea, cacao beans and kola nuts. More than 63 species of plants growing in all parts of the world contain caffeine in their leaves, seeds or fruit.Small quantities of caffeine probably does little harm and can be an effective way to maintain alertness and performance. Most researchers agree that there is little risk when people consume less than 500-600mg (approximately five cups) of coffee per day. Many health professionals advise that sticking to three cups a day is a good guide for adults as a whole.However, a dose of 1000mg or more (10 cups of coffee) will generally cause adverse effects like headaches, insomnia, trembling, rapid heartbeat or irregular heartbeat, ringing in the ears, desire to urinate and heartburn.And unless you like yours short and black, a cuppa with full cream milk and sugar can also pile on the kilojoules. Even if you’re going for a skinny latte with no sugar, you’ll be consuming around 500 kilojoules per hit. That’s 2000 kilojoules added to your day if you enjoy a morning, lunchtime, arvo and evening coffee break.

Alcohol is also high in kilojoules and frequently consumed with high fat, high kilojoule snacks ( for example, chips, nuts, etc). Plus, drinking alcohol tends to stimulate your appetite and lower your resolve for sticking to those healthy eating goals. This means that you’re far more likely to go for the late night kebab than the sushi on the way home and end up adding a whole lot more kilojoules to your day!

Small quantities of caffeine probably does little harm and can be an effective way to maintain alertness and performance. Most researchers agree that there is little risk when people consume less than 500-600mg (approximately five cups) of coffee per day. Many health professionals advise that sticking to three cups a day is a good guide for adults as a whole.

However, a dose of 1000mg or more (10 cups of coffee) will generally cause adverse effects like headaches, insomnia, trembling, rapid heartbeat or irregular heartbeat, ringing in the ears, desire to urinate and heartburn.

And unless you like yours short and black, a cuppa with full cream milk and sugar can also pile on the kilojoules. Even if you’re going for a skinny latte with no sugar, you’ll be consuming around 500 kilojoules per hit. That’s 2000 kilojoules added to your day if you enjoy a morning, lunchtime, arvo and evening coffee break.

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Water works

Glass of water

Water is really the most essential nutrient. It’s the first thing your body demands in times of starvation. While your body can store certain vitamins and minerals while it maintains carbohydrate, protein and fat deposits, the absence of water soon leads to life-threatening dehydration. So, why do we need water?

The role of water

Around 50-80 percent of our body weight is made up of water required for a whole host of functions including digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste products via the kidneys. Even mild dehydration — the equivalent of losing as little as two percent of one’s body weight — can lead to a drop in mental and physical performance. So how to best stay hydrated?

Fluid recommendations

In individual terms, this is quite varied as hydration status differs from person to person. It’s affected by things like your kidney function and how much body water you lose each day, including those sweaty gym sessions. A good personal guide is to keep check on the colour of your urine which should be light or clear and not deep coloured. The official population guidelines set by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), which will be appropriate for the majority of adults, are that an adequate intake of fluids per day is:

Men: 2.6L or around 10 cups

Women: 2.1L or around eight cups

How much of the tally should be water?

For good health, it’s a great aim to drink six cups of water a day. The rest of your daily tally can be made up of caffeine-free beverages. Great choices if you’re watching your weight include soda and sparkling mineral waters, diet soft drinks, tonic water and herbal teas.

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Bone appetit: good nutrition for healthy bones

Luke Mangan

Almost 50 percent of all Australian adults are not getting the recommended daily intake of calcium and vitamin D needed to maintain healthy bones.

For World Osteoporosis Day 2006 (October 20), Osteoporosis Australia asked celebrity chef Luke Mangan to come up with a couple of quick — and, best of all, delicious — recipes to show how easy it is to increase your daily intake of calcium and vitamin D and prevent osteoporosis and other bone ailments later in life. Tune into Channel 9’s Today show on October 20 to watch Luke cook some of his recipes live on air or make them yourselves with the recipes we give you below.

Osteoporosis facts

Foods containing micronutrients of potential benefit include:

  • Green leafy vegetables: Vitamin K

  • Breads, cereals, meat products, poultry: B vitamins

  • Green vegetables, fruit, fortified cereals: Folic acid

  • Green vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds, unrefined grains, fish: Magnesium

  • Seafood, lean red meat, meat products, poultry, whole grain cereals, legumes and pulses: Zinc

Protein itself is a key element of bone and low protein intake has been shown to be detrimental across all age groups, both for the acquisition of bone mass during childhood and adolescence, and for the preservation of bone mass during ageing.

While a simple but varied diet rich in calcium is essential for building and maintaining healthy bones, more than half of all Australian adults are still not getting their recommended daily intake of calcium.

Current statistics indicate that 1 in 2 women and 1 in 3 Australian men over 60 years of age will suffer an osteoporotic fracture.

Learn all about the National Health and Medical Research Council’s new calcium requirements, and find out what else you can do to keep your bones healthy.

Check out the recipes Luke Mangan developed for World Osteoporosis Day:

Luke Mangan’s calcium-rich smoothie

Spinach and ricotta parcels

Vanilla bavarois with poached rhubarb

Apricot ricotta cake

And try these calcium-rich recipes from our archives:

Homemade yogurt

Baked cheese pasta

Low fat tiramisu

Oysters

For more information about World Osteoporosis Day and the benefits of a calcium-rich diet, call Osteoporosis Australia on 1800 242 141 or go to www.osteoporosis.org.au

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Not-so-guilty pleasures

Red wine

Go ahead and enjoy these three treats. Far from being bad for you, they can actually improve your health.

  1. Chocolate

Sure, it’s full of calories, but it’s also packed with heart-healthy substances (flavonoids) that support the functioning of the endothelium, a layer of cells in arteries (including those in the heart) that slows plaque build-up and regulates blood pressure.

  1. Coffee

It’s a great source of antioxidants which help your body ward off age-related diseases such as cancer and diabetes, and studies also show that coffee improves stamina. It even contains an alkaloid thought to strengthen tooth enamel. Plus — contrary to popular opinion — it doesn’t dehydrate you, provided you don’t exceed two 150ml cups a day.

  1. Alcohol

Drinking to excess is dangerous, but having just one drink a day can cut your risk of heart attack and cancer (one drink=150ml of wine or 350ml of beer). The best choices are red wine or dark beer. Red wine is rich in resveratrol, a compound that blocks a key protein that cancer cells need to grow, while dark beer contains polyphenols, plant chemicals that stop platelets — the building blocks of blood clots — from sticking together.

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Bulking up for blokes

There is no magic nutrient — hormone, drug or protein powder — that will effectively increase your muscle mass without exercise. The only way you can increase your muscle size is by stimulating growth at a cellular level. The best way of achieving this is by following an individually tailored weight training program plus a diet that gives you increased energy. By combining diet and weight training you can expect to increase your body mass by about 0.5kg per week.
Food groups

There is no magic nutrient — hormone, drug or protein powder — that will effectively increase your muscle mass without exercise. The only way you can increase your muscle size is by stimulating growth at a cellular level. The best way of achieving this is by following an individually tailored weight training program plus a diet that gives you increased energy. By combining diet and weight training you can expect to increase your body mass by about 0.5kg per week.

Very high protein diets?

Many athletes believe they need to eat massive amounts of protein to increase their size. This is a myth spread by tales of Mr Universe contestants eating a dozen eggs for breakfast, 2½ chickens for lunch and 3kg of steak for dinner supplemented by three glasses of milk mixed with “Secret Muscle Building Powder”. All this is often chased down by a handful of amino acid pills with a few “high potency” vitamin supplements thrown in for good measure. We know today, that this diet carries no miraculous benefits. In fact, excess protein will be stored as body fat.

So what should be on the menu?

Eat a diet high in energy with plenty of carbohydrate from breads, cereals, rice, pasta, noodles and other grains, fruit and starchy vegetables. These foods should form the basis of every meal and snack.

Ensure an adequate protein intake by eating a protein-rich food, such as lean red meat, poultry, fish or seafood, legumes, tofu or low fat dairy products at every meal.

Eat five to six meals per day or three meals with large snacks in between.

Include high-energy drinks, such as a smoothie (made with milk, yoghurt, fruit and honey) or a supplement drink like Sustagen daily.

Drink higher kilojoule drinks such as cordial or fruit juice rather than water. Drink a sports drink during training.

Use energy-dense snacks to help meet your high-energy needs. For example, fruit and grain bars, dried fruits and nuts, creamy rice pudding, and smoothies. Keep a nibble box with dried fruit and nuts nearby for nibbling between meals and snacks.

Have a recovery snack ASAP after training. This snack should be rich in high glycaemic index carbohydrate and include some protein. For example, a bowl of fruit salad with low fat yoghurt or a smoothie or sandwich with lean meat.

Include some good fats from olive oil, nuts, seeds and avocado.

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Spring/summer must-haves

Image: Getty

Question

What are the fashion must-haves for the spring-summer season this year?

Answer

With summer just around the corner, here is a list of this season’s must-have pieces:

  • ¾ length Bermuda shorts

  • Nautical-inspired striped t-shirts

  • Espadrilles

  • Broderie anglaise lace sun dress

  • Metallic strappy sandals

  • Perfect white shirt

  • Crisp white wide-leg linen pants

  • Print skirt, graphic or floral

  • Wide-brimmed hat

  • Brightly coloured kaftan

  • Long charmed beaded necklace

  • Ballet flats

Happy shopping!

The AWW fashion team

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The perfect jeans for all shapes and sizes

Image: Getty

Every woman is constantly searching for the perfect pair of jeans. Here is The Australian Women’s Weekly’s easy guide to help you find the perfect pair of jeans.

The perfect jeans to flatter your bottom

  • A pair of straight-leg jeans in a rigid denim will accentuate your curves without exaggerating them.

  • Top stockists: Sussan, 1300 363 351 or Carla Zampatti, (02) 9264-8244.

  • What to avoid: a tight tapered fit with small pockets, as this will make your bottom appear larger.

The perfect jeans to add curves

  • A pair of skinny-leg tapered jeans with a high waist are perfect for creating shape. Look for denim that has a little stretch to skim over and emphasise curves — stretch denim is often more comfortable too!

  • Top stockists: Mavi, (02) 9699 9700 or Marcs, 1800 688 290.

  • What to avoid: baggy boyfriend style jeans. These may make you look shapeless.

The perfect jeans to make you look taller

  • A pair of boot-cut jeans will help you appear taller. Make sure that they’re slim through the thigh to create a long, lean silhouette.

  • Top stockists: Witchery, 1800 640 249 or French Connection, 1800 006 655.

  • What to avoid: baggy or cropped jeans, these will only may you look stocky.

The perfect jeans to make you look slimmer

  • Want to look 5kgs lighter? With the right pair of jeans it is possible. Our pick? The trouser cut. The wide trouser leg jean with drape from the waist to the ankle, hiding hips and thighs. A darker washed denim will further accentuate this effect.

  • Top stockists: Jeans West, 1800 809 889 and Maggie T, 1800 678 189.

  • What to avoid: skinny-leg jeans.

The AWW fashion team

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Pigment problems

Face washing

Question

I’ve noticed patches of pigmentation starting to appear on my face. Is there anything I can do at home to remove them or at least lessen their appearance?

B. Wilkins, via e-mail

Answer

Tricia Haron, Clinique’s national education manager, says: “In the past, dark and uneven patches on the skin were blamed solely on UV exposure, but over time we’ve learned that sun isn’t the only culprit. We now know that internal aggressors, hormonal changes, improper cleansing, lack of moisture and even harsh treatment products can contribute to spots, uneven skin tone and pigmentation.”

Hyperpigmentation (simply, too much pigment) occurs when the melanocytes, the pigment-making cells in the skin, produce excess melanin, forming dark spots. “Hyperpigmentation usually responds well to at-home lightening and brightening ranges, which can take eight to 10 weeks to produce results,” says Tricia.

“Effective ingredients to look for include kojic acid, licorice root, bearberry extract and glycolic acid.”

Products such as the Clinique Derma White range target pigmentation in three simple steps. Firstly, they gently exfoliate to diminish the appearance of spots. Secondly, they work to break up the melanin in the skin, and thirdly, they prevent future damage.

“You can also prevent additional development of pigmentation by incorporating a good regimen of cleansing, exfoliating and moisturising into your daily skincare routine,” adds Tricia. “And remember to wear a good sunblock, as one unprotected day in the sun can reverse all the results.”

The AWW Beauty Team

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Split ends solutions

Hair products

Question:

I always have split ends. Could straightening my hair with a straightening iron be the cause? How can I stop them and get my hair back into good condition?

Ilsa, Newcastle, NSW

Answer:

Julie Zavaglia, director of Glow Salon in Sydney, explains, “Some types of hair are more prone to split ends than others. If you’re using a straightening iron regularly, I’d recommend the ceramic type, which heats evenly, meaning there are no “hot” spots that can damage your hair.

“You should also apply a protective oil to your hair prior to using the straightening iron, as it not only protects the hair, but also contains a lubricant that smoothes the hair shaft and will ultimately help to prevent split ends.

“You can’t mend split ends — however, by following the steps below, you can minimise them.

. Find a good hairdresser who can advise you about how to maintain your hair’s good condition.

. Get your hair trimmed every six weeks.

. Check the brushes you’re using. Try to use natural, pure bristle as they’re a lot gentler on the hair.

. When combing or brushing your hair, always start from the ends and work upwards to avoid breaking the hair.

. Use really hot dryers and straightening irons sparingly. Always use protective products on the hair.

. Use strengthening shampoos and conditioners to help strengthen the hair shafts.

. Use a repairing treatment on your hair regularly at home and at your professional hairdressing salon.”

The AWW Beauty Team

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