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Report: Night owls more likely to experience nightmares

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If you suffer from nightmares the problem could lie with when you hit the hay, after scientists find that night owls have a greater chance of experiencing nightmares.

A preliminary study suggests that night owls, people who go to sleep later, are more prone to bad dreams, but the reason for this remains unclear with scientists agreeing that more research is required, Scientific American magazine reported.

“It’s a very interesting preliminary study, and we desperately need more research in this area,” Director of the Sleep, Stress and Memory Lab at the University of Notre Dame, Jessica Payne said.

There are a couple of theories as to why night owls experience nightmares. The director of the Sleep Lab at Swansea University, Mark Blagrove says that evening types are slightly more likely to recall their dreams overall which could explain the findings.

He also noted that night owls who go to be late at night but wake at the same time as early birds are more likely to experience a sleep deficit which they make up for on the weekends through recovery sleep. During extended periods of sleep they may experience more REM sleep which includes a rapid eye movement, increased brain activity and vivid dreaming.

Previous studies have found that an estimated 80 percent of adults experience at least one nightmare a year and five percent suffer from disturbing dreams more than once a month.

Led by scientist Yavuz Selvi at the Yuzuncu Yil University in Van, Turkey, a group of researchers used the Van Dream Anxiety Scale, a measure of dream anxiety in nightmare sufferers, where participants measured the frequency of experiencing nightmares on a scale from zero to four.

On average, those who described themselves as evening types had a score of 2.10, whereas their morning-type equivalents averaged 1.23 on the scale, showing a significant difference.

This study follows from a larger online study of 4000 people, by director of the Dream and Nightmare Laboratory at the Sacre-Coeur Hospital in Montreal, Tore Nielsen, which found an association between night owls and nightmares in women in their twenties.

“I was pleased to see that they replicated the association between being an evening person and having nightmares,” he said.

Nielsen agreed that more research needed to be done into the connection and pointed out that gender may also play a part.

“Men and women have very different emotional systems, and I think we’re seeing a different expression of that difference in nightmares,” he said.

For now, experts seem to be intrigued by the idea that a person’s daily body cycle might be linked to nightmares.

Your say: Do you tend to agree with the study? Share your thoughts below.

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Dating after death: How I knew I was ready

Dating after death: How I knew I was ready

I was 39 years old when my husband died unexpectedly in his sleep. It was the shock of a lifetime. He was my love, my rock, a crucial part of my life and our children’s future, and in an instant, he was gone.

A few weeks after his death, I received a letter from my insurance company. The letter said that when you lose a spouse it is normal to want to date, usually sooner rather than later.

I felt guilty even thinking about the possibility and could not fathom the idea of dating so soon after my husband died. I buried this idea along with the letter knowing I would re-enter the dating scene in my own time.

That time came several months later. I was at the grocery store and I looked up to find a man watching me with an interested look in his eye. To my surprise, I found myself feeling attracted to him.

I didn’t know what to do! This innocent exchange of glances made me uncomfortable, but only in a sense that I realised I was no longer a married woman but an available single one. That one look instilled in me a sense of freedom.

Over the next few weeks I began to consider the idea of dating. I felt like there were a few things I needed to do before it would feel comfortable to date.

First, I needed to be willing to discuss dating with people who I was close to. I decided to talk to my father-in-law. He was the person closest to my husband. I called him and asked him what he thought about me dating.

He said genuinely that he wanted me to be happy and that he knew Mark would want me to be happy too. He didn’t hesitate to give me his blessing to date whoever and whenever I wanted.

I also called my sister. I told her I’d been thinking about dating. I wasn’t sure what she would say and was shocked when she didn’t say anything. Instead the line seemed to go dead. I said, “Are you there?”

She replied, “Yes, I was crying. I was worried you would never want to date again after Mark. I’m so happy you are considering it”. Her response wasn’t what I expected, but from both her and my father-in-law’s answers I felt better about moving forward.

Second, I needed to know that I wouldn’t be dating to just fill a void. I knew that the void that Mark’s death left in my life would never be filled the same way that Mark filled it.

I knew that even as I started dating, I still had to continue to fill my own life with my own positive activities, people, and feelings; I could not put the pressure on someone else to fill Mark’s place — if I did, neither one of us would ever be truly happy.

Third, I needed to fully embrace the feeling of being attracted to another person. I decided to trust that my body was telling me ‘it’s okay!’ and gave in to the butterflies.

When I was so wrapped up in the sadness of losing Mark, I had no space to let someone in. There were no butterflies. So when I felt an attraction to a man, I thought maybe it was time.

But now what was I to do? I hadn’t dated in a decade. I was a single mum who worked full time. My options for meeting men were pretty limited. However I had met Mark online and thought it was a good place to start.

I created a profile and even programmed a search. It felt a little uncomfortable to be searching for a ‘new’ man after being with one man for 10 years.

As I scanned through the results not many of the profiles interested me. After several pages I started to wonder if I was just being extremely critical because I wasn’t ready.

But in that same moment, I stumbled upon a profile of an attractive man whose profile made me smile.

He and I met a month later and spent seven hours together on our first date. That was just the start — we wound up dating for eighteen months.

And after I’d fallen in love and spent countless hours entwined in the connection with him, I decided to stop seeing him. Not because I wasn’t ready, but because he wasn’t.

It was one of the hardest decisions of my life; it hurt me deeply and I’m sure it hurt him too. But it was the right decision.

By completely letting go and trusting the universe and jumping into intimacy with a man again I found my heart. In setting boundaries in my love life, I genuinely found myself.

And finally I realised that I could be with a man and, furthermore, consider having a future with someone other than Mark.

So, while my first attempt at a relationship after my husband did not end up as I had wanted, it was an experience that greatly furthered my healing and growth.

After losing a spouse, putting your heart on the line may feel like the last thing in the world you want to do. However, by interacting intimately with others you may find a little bit more of yourself. And in time, if you wish, I hope that you’ll find someone new to share your life with.

Jennifer Hawkins is the author of The Gift Giver, a book about losing her husband.

Your say: How long do you think people should wait after their partner has died before they start dating again? [email protected]

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Vitamins could be the key to autism prevention

Vitamins could be the key to autism prevention

The jury remains out on the exact causes of autism, although most experts agree that inherited tendencies play a significant role, including the presence of a genetic variation which upsets the mother’s ability to correctly utilise folic acid, which is essential for correct foetal development.

The finger has also been pointed at a variety of environmental factors, of which vaccination remains one of the most controversial.

Most of these issues fall outside of the prospective mother’s control, so it is very encouraging to learn that there is one simple self-help step that can dramatically reduce the risk of autism.

Related: The joys and challenges of raising an autistic child

According to a study published in Epidemiology, mothers who took prenatal vitamins in the three months prior to conception and the first months of pregnancy were significantly less likely — 28 percent — to have a child with autism, even if those mothers carried genes which increased their odds.

Interestingly, the results were not seen in women taking regular multivitamins, as prenatal vitamins contain more iron, vitamins B6 and B12, and folic acid.

Video: Autism in babies

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Apples: The new anti-ageing miracle

Apples: The new anti-ageing miracle

We all know that an apple a day keeps the doctor away, but new research suggests the humble fruit might also keep wrinkles at bay.

A study, published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, has shown that polyphenols found in apples extended the average lifespan of fruit flies and helped to maintain their ability to walk and move.

Apple polyphenols also lowered levels of various bio-markers seen in older fruit flies which are associated with reduced activity and death.

Related: Secret super-fruits

In addition to their anti-ageing benefits, apples are a nutritional powerhouse, containing dozens of phytochemicals, including the anti-allergy flavonoid quercetin, and more potassium than fresh oranges.

They also supply a booster shot of natural vitamin C, antioxidants and flavonoids, and rank as one of the top 15 fruits and vegetables for fibre to help prevent constipation and encourage a healthy bowel environment, including the fibre pectin, which helps the body’s hormonal disposal system work better, stabilising blood pressure.

The only downside of an apple a day? They are one of the Environmental Protection Authority’s so-called ‘dirty dozen’ fruit and veg, meaning that it’s often heavily sprayed — so buy organic whenever possible.

Video: The science of super skin

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Fashion for less than $40

Fashion for less

It’s not often the words affordability and comfort find their way into the critique of a catwalk show, but the worlds of fashion and affordability collided as the ‘Love Living in Emerson’ runway show debuted in Sydney last weekend.

The Weekly’s fashion team specialises in showing you how to be stylish at any age, and as part 30 Days of Fashion and Beauty celebrations, has partnered with Big W to introduce Emerson, a new range of womenswear mixing quality essentials with classic looks, and with nothing over $40.

Related: 30 Days of Fashion and Beauty

Embodying quality, timeless design and truly functional fashion, Emerson delivers wearable fashion under the mantra ‘quality, style and fit’.

Over a seasonal palette of blues, watermelons, greys, corals and whites, the range showcases a stunning everyday-style collection that is easy to mix and match.

Related: Fashion at Coles

Outfits at the runway show interchanged trend pieces with essential easy-wear basics, combining denim shorts with striped tees and ballet slippers, beautiful dresses with wedge espadrilles, and a new twist on cargo pants matched with cotton tops — each item under the $40 mark.

Your say: Do you think more stores should introduce cheaper clothing lines in the current economic climate?

Video: 30 Days of Fashion and Beauty launch party

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Baby Harper Seven’s introduction to fashion

Baby Harper Seven’s introduction to fashion

At just eight weeks old it seems little Harper Seven is getting a taste of a very fashionable lifestyle as the Beckhams took her on a shopping trip in LA.

During the trip proud parents David and Victoria Beckham took their first daughter to upmarket baby boutique Bonpoint over the weekend.

Proud dad David recently told E Online that Harper already has some “amazing dresses” in her wardrobe and has no chance of becoming a tomboy despite the influence of her three older brothers Brooklyn, 12, Romeo, nine, and Cruz, six.

The family shopping continued on Monday as the entire Beckham clan headed to Los Angeles shopping mall The Grove.

After following doctor’s advice and sticking to ballet flats, Victoria was back in high heels when the family stepped out for the first time since her pregnancy.

She reportedly slipped a disk while pregnant and worsened the injury by continuing to wear high heels throughout her pregnancy.

The former Spice Girl has slimmed down in recent weeks shedding her baby weight by reportedly following the Five Hands diet.

The slim down is said to be in preparation for her return to the runway as she showcases her spring/summer 2012 collection at New York Fashion Week next week.

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Kate’s dress attracts crowds of more than 350,000

Kate's dress attracts crowds in the thousands

It was certainly a stand out on the night of the Royal Wedding and it seems Catherine, the Duchess of Cambridge’s dress has not lost its touch.

Just six weeks after going on display at Buckingham Palace, more than 350,000 people have lined up to see the wedding gown by Sarah Burton at Alexander McQueen.

People Magazine reports that at this rate by the time the exhibit and tour close down on October 3 some 500,000 visitors are expected to catch a glimpse of the gown.

Catherine and the Queen were two of the first to take a look at the exhibition in July.

“We’re thrilled that so many people have visited Buckingham Palace this summer in what looks to be a record year,” a Royal Collection spokesman said.

“The royal wedding attracted worldwide interest, so it’s only natural that many people want to come to see the State Rooms, some of which were used for the wedding reception, and take a closer look at the Duchess of Cambridge’s dress which celebrates great British design.”

And, just as they did with some of their wedding gifts (they gave a Land Rover to the Mountain Rescue), part of the $28.50 adult admission price to view the dress goes to charity.

The proceeds will go to the Royal Wedding Charitable Gift fund benefiting charities chosen by the pair.

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The Language Of Flowers

The Language Of Flowers

The Language Of Flowers, by Vanessa Diffenbaugh, Picador Australia, $32.99.

This debut novel by an American foster mum and art teacher sparked a bidding war last year, with Picador winning the coveted title.

It’s now set to be published in more than 30 countries, with a heavy-handed drum roll that is in danger of putting us off.

Yet, for once, the hype is warranted, if a little misleading.The Language Of Flowersis a remarkable novel with a voice and poignancy all of its own.

As the title suggests, it’s a story about communicating through flowers, but there is so much more going on here. The multi-layered narrative is dark and brooding, the characters are prickly and drawn from many different angles, and the plotline darts forward and back, ingeniously building a picture, like oils daubed on a canvas.

The author feels that her book is not so much about flowers, but about the desperately damaging pitfalls in the US foster care system and this certainly underpins the character of Victoria Jones, who narrates much of the novel.

We begin with Victoria on her 18th birthday being emancipated from foster care and heading for a life on the streets.

The narrative then jumps, one step forward, then two steps back, as we fill in the bleak colours of Victoria’s upbringing that have informed this troubled woman.

There are shades of Stieg Larsson’s Lisbeth Salander about Victoria — she doesn’t like to be touched or spoken to, she hides herself from the world, is haunted by the trauma of constant abandonment, believes herself to be “unforgivably flawed” and has trouble forming relationships.

Somewhere in that murky childhood, Victoria was taught the Victorian language of flowers and it is this that gives her both a voice and a livelihood.

When she gets unwanted attention from a man at the flower market, she gives him a rhododendron meaning “beware”. His response is mistletoe, meaning, “I surmount all obstacles”. Yet can he really?

An unusual love story develops and as we learn more about Victoria’s past, we also become aware of two worlds heading for a traumatic collision.

Tense, touching and smart, this is an extraordinary debut that will certainly put Diffenbaugh on the literary map.

About the author:

Vanessa Diffenbaugh lives in Massachusetts, US, with her husband and three children.

The inspiration for her first novel came from a picture book,Language Of Flowers, by Kate Greenaway.

Also a foster mother and co-founder of the Camellia Network, a movement to support youth moving out of foster care, Vanessa was inspired to combine her work with the power of this tome.

“In many ways, Victoria exists on the periphery of society. In the world of flowers, with their predictable growing habits and meanings, Victoria feels safe, comfortable, even at home,” Vanessa says.

JOIN THE AWW BOOK CLUB

In 30 words or less, tell us what is great about a book you are reading at the moment. The best critique will win The AWW Cooking School cookbook, valued at $74.95, and be printed in the July issue of The Weekly. Simply visit aww.com.au/bookclub, or email [email protected], or write to The Great Read, GPO Box 4178, Sydney, NSW 2001.

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Five margarine myths debunked

Five margarine myths debunked

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You are probably aware that consuming too much unhealthy saturated fat increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.

But what you might not realise is that butter is one of the main culprits responsible for high levels of saturated fat in your family’s diet.

Luckily, The Heart Foundation, through ‘Mums United’, is here to debunk some common myths about butter’s healthier alternative: margarine.

In pictures: The Heart Foundation’s favourite recipes

Myth one: Margarine has higher levels of saturated fat than butter.

Not true! In fact, margarine spreads have a much lower proportion of saturated fat than butter. Whereas butter contains a whopping 50 percent saturated fat, a typical polyunsaturated margarine only contains an average of 14 percent saturated fat.

Myth two: Margarine is full of really unhealthy trans fats.

Not true! Trans fats, whether manufactured or naturally occurring, are bad for the heart. This is why the Heart Foundation began challenging Australian margarine manufacturers to reduce trans fats to the lowest possible levels many years ago. Nowadays, the levels of trans fats in almost all margarines in Australia are amongst the lowest in the world; an average of 0.2 percent compared to butter’s 4 percent. Margarine is a much healthier choice, and Australian varieties can’t be compared to those available in other countries, especially not the US.

Myth three: It’s fine to give butter to my kids because they don’t have cholesterol issues.

Not true! Our children are currently consuming twice the recommended maximum levels of saturated fat. Because eating habits established in childhood are often set for life, your kids can get the good eating habit from an early age by making margarine a part of their regular, everyday diet.

Myth four: Margarine contains fewer important nutrients than butter.

Not true! Canola-based margarine contains an essential fatty acid called alpha linolenic acid (ALA), which we need to look after our hearts, blood, joints and immune systems. ALA is an important part of a healthy diet because we rely wholly on food sources such as canola, linseed, walnut and soybean to obtain it.

Myth five: Margarine doesn’t work well in cooking or baking.

Not true! Most margarine spreads (except the ultra light varieties) replace butter very well in many recipes with minimum difference in taste or texture.

In pictures: The Heart Foundation’s favourite recipes

Visit the Heart Foundation’s Mums united page for quick, low-cost healthy recipes and lots of other practical tips and tools to help you and your family take the first steps towards achieving and maintaining a healthy weight.

Video: Aldi gets the Heart Foundation tick

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Fergie’s girls: Beatrice and Eugenie

For many years, Princesses Beatrice and Eugenie have been more famous for their fashion faux pas than anything else.

The many indiscretions of their parents Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson have further damaged the girls’ public image, but one odd hat has changed everything.

The hat Beatrice wore to Prince William and Kate Middleton’s wedding made headlines around the world and her savvy decision to auction the creation for charity won the world over.

In recent weeks, the sisters haven’t put a fashionable foot wrong. Here are some pictures from their lives so far.

Princesses Beatrice and Eugenie and their mother at a charity event in March.

Fergie and Beatrice in Klosters in 1991.

Fergie with her daughters during a ski trip to Klosters in 1992.

Fergie, Beatrice and Eugenie on Eugenie’s first day of school in 1994.

William, Harry, Beatrice and Eugenie skiing in Klosters in 1995.

Princess Beatrice with a school friend in 1998.

William, Harry and Beatrice attending Prince Edward’s wedding in 1999.

Fergie and Beatrice cuddle up in Verbier, Switzerland, in 2001.

Fergie, Beatrice and Eugenie at a tennis match at Buckingham Palace in 2000.

Beatrice with William and Harry at a wedding in 2005.

Prince Harry and Eugenie share a joke at the Trooping of the Colour in 2006.

Prince William, Eugenie and Prince Andrew in London in 2006.

Beatrice and Fergie walk in the Fashion for Relief show in 2007.

Eugenie and Prince William at the annual Trooping of the Colour in 2007.

Beatrice and Eugenie in London in 2008.

Fergie, Beatrice and Eugenie attend a London film premiere in 2009.

Fergie and her girls attend a film premiere in Los Angeles in 2009.

Beatrice and her boyfriend Dave Clark after finishing the London marathon in 2010.

Beatrice’s infamous royal wedding hat.

Eugenie with Kate Middleton at Derby Day in June this year.

Eugenie and Prince Harry cheer for their horses at Derby Day in June.

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