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Are you getting enough nutrients?

four common nutrient deficiencies and how to stop them happening to you

Just because you’re eating regularly doesn’t mean you’re getting all the nutrients you need. Accredited nutritionist Caitlin Reid reveals the four common nutrient deficiencies and how to stop them happening to you.

1. Calcium

Calcium is essential for strong bones and teeth and plays a vital role in blood clotting, muscle contraction and nerve impulses. Yet consumer research shows only 10 percent of Australians are getting enough. Inadequate dietary calcium means the level of calcium in our bloodstream is maintained at the expense of our bones. If calcium is continually leached from the bones, they become weak and have an increased risk of fracture. In fact, inadequate calcium is one of the reasons why every 5-6 minutes someone is admitted to hospital with an osteoporotic fracture.

Up your intake: Eat three serves of reduced-fat dairy products (or calcium-fortified soy alternatives) daily and you’ll get over 300mg of calcium with each serve. Tinned salmon and sardines are also great sources of calcium.

2. Iron

Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide. According to Australian research, 36 percent of females aged 18-35 suffer some degree of iron deficiency, while one in three Australian toddlers suffer from low iron levels. Athletes and people with chronic inflammatory conditions such as obesity and arthritis are also at risk. As iron plays an important role in transporting oxygen throughout the body, inadequate iron can lead to fatigue, lethargy and reduced work capacity. If allowed to persist, a reduced immune function and impaired cognitive function may result.

Up your intake: Include 3-4 serves of lean red meat weekly and include other iron-rich foods such as oysters, eggs and seafood. Boost iron absorption in the body by adding vitamin C-rich foods to your meals — berries to your iron-fortified breakfast cereal and capsicum to your stir-fry.

3. Iodine

Iodine is essential for brain and nervous system development yet reports dating back to 2001 show Australian’s aren’t getting enough. Children with low iodine levels may have their hearing, coordination and alertness affected, while mild iodine deficiency can impair development and cause subtle deficits in intelligence. These conditions are reversible in very young children, so it’s important to ensure they’re getting enough. In a bid to raise iodine levels in Australians, all bread bakers are required to use iodised salt in their products. Salt-free breads and organic breads are exempt from these food regulations.

Up your intake: Six oysters will give you 144µg of iodine, while a 100g sushi roll (containing seaweed) and two eggs provide you with 92µg and 18µg respectively. Iodised salt also contributes iodine to the diet, but adding extra salt isn’t the solution seeing we already eat too much. Instead replace non-iodised salt with iodised salt, wherever possible.

4. Vitamin D

While the exact prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is unknown, it has been detected in up to 80 percent of dark-skinned, veiled or unveiled women during pregnancy, up to 76 percent of elderly people in nursing homes 9 and 23 percent of younger adults. Vitamin D maintains blood calcium levels, increases calcium and phosphorus absorption, and strengthens the skeleton. New research is showing vitamin D may also be important for a healthy immune system, heart and mind.

Up your intake: While there are some dietary sources of vitamin D (oily fish, eggs, vitamin D-fortified margarine and vitamin-D fortified milks), the best source is ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun, which helps our skin synthesis vitamin D. For most people, 5-15 minutes of daily sunlight exposure to the face and upper limbs can prevent vitamin D deficiency. Just remember to be sun smart and avoid going out in the sun without protection during the hottest part of the day.

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Five reasons you shouldn’t miss breakfast

Five reasons you can't miss breakfast

Each morning, a large number of Australian children are leaving the house without having eaten.

Of more concern is that one-quarter go on to have soft drinks and one in 10 eat chocolate, ice-cream or potato chips as their first meal of the day.

Nutritionally, they are loading up on foods high in salt, sugar and fat, without the goodness of fibre, vitamins, minerals and other important nutrients obtained from a healthy breakfast.

Related: Secret super-fruits

Here is why eating breakfast, the most important meal of the day, is worth the effort.

Five reasons to eat breakfast:

1. Kick-start your brain: Breakfast literally means to “break the fast” since your last meal. After fasting overnight, eating a healthy breakfast restores the body’s glucose levels, the brain’s only energy source. Research shows that people who eat a balanced breakfast have better concentration and are more likely to be efficient at work.

2. Get your body pumping: Research shows that breakfast speeds up our metabolism, which helps us to burn food faster. It’s the fibre and carbohydrates in a good breakfast that help you feel fuller for longer and prevent snacking.

3. Boost your nutrient intake: Studies around the world consistently show that breakfast eaters have a better overall diet. People who eat breakfast generally have a lower fat intake, more fibre in their diet and significantly higher intakes of almost all the vitamins and minerals, especially calcium, iron and magnesium.

4. Help manage your weight: People who eat breakfast are more likely to be able to maintain a healthy weight. Studies suggest a high-fibre, high-carbohydrate breakfast helps you feel satisfied and fuller for longer, which may lead to less snacking. Plus you’re more likely to make healthier choices during the rest of the day.

5. Boost your mood: Breakfast eaters tend to have a more positive mood, are calmer and less stressed.

Related: Getting your family to eat more vegetables

Breakfast is undeniably a vital part of your day’s nutritional intake. Next time you are running out the door on an empty stomach, you should consider grabbing an on-the-go breakfast drink or a piece of fruit and some cereal to eat when you have arrived at school or work.

Alternatively, get up a little earlier and have breakfast first – that way it doesn’t get left out and you don’t feel rushed.

Your say: Do you skip breakfast?

Video: The best breakfast to eat on the run

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Kirstie Alley: I’ve lost 45 kilos!

Kirstie Alley has continued her weight loss following her stint on US Dancing with the Stars and has lost 45 kilos going from a US size 14 to a size four.

“I feel like I’m back in my element,” the 60-year-old told Entertainment Tonight. “I honestly didn’t even realise what I looked like.”

“Before Dancing with the Stars, I bought these dresses from size 14 to 4,” she said.

“[They were] all the same dress, and I said, ‘You know what I really want? I really wanna be in this dress in a 4!'”

On Tuesday she showed off her new body on the Zang Toi catwalk in NYC and wowed the audience as she closed her designer pal’s Spring 2012 show.

Before and after! Kirstie Alley has gone from a US size 14 to a size 4!

Kirstie Alley stepped out at New York fashion week.

Kirstie Alley walks the catwalk for designer Zang Toi.

Kirstie Alley during her stint on US Dancing with the Stars.

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VIDEO: Kim Kardashian as Princess Leia

VIDEO: Kim Kardashian as Princess Leia

She is a new wife, boutique owner, model and billionaire and now it seems Kim Kardashian can add Princess Leia impersonator to her list of achievements.

The reality TV star has starred in a Kanye West video wearing the iconic gold bikini and swirled braids as she joined the music star to film a hilarious musical skit for Comedy Central.

Kim and Kanye, who have a close friendship, filmed the clip alongside several muppets as it was set to be part of a pilot for Kanye’s muppet comedy show, Alligator Boots.

The 10 minute clip was shot a while ago, but unfortunately the show never went past the pilot stage and will not be aired on TV.

Take a look at Kim and Kanye’s clip in the video player above.

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Dating tips for single mums

Single mum? Get back in the game!

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Dr Dina McMillan gives advice for second (or third) time around single mums looking for love.

Tough times

It can be hard to get out there after being married, says single mum Sarah, 38.

“I was married for 10 years,” she says. “We got married when I was 21. We had drifted apart as our careers took different directions, and I got custody of our daughter Lucy.”

“I didn’t date for a long time,” Sarah says. “I was so busy trying to hold it together. I had a high-pressure senior job and a five-year-old. I used to envy people in comas, I was so tired.”

Sarah’s mother began to stay with her when she needed help with Lucy, and this took the pressure off. “Then a work colleague set me up on this blind date.”

Go slow

Dr McMillan says take it easy when you first get back out there.

“On the first date, conduct yourself in a friendly fashion but don’t jump in with both feet,” she says “Be honest and easy-going. Even if you’re very attracted to him, resist the temptation to kiss! If you don’t do anything physical, you actually increase the likelihood of seeing him again.”

“He was gorgeous!” Sarah says. “And, being French, he was like, ‘You’re the best thing’ — completely over the top. It was really nice to be attracted to someone again and to feel beautiful and wanted again.”

After a few dates, Sarah fell for her Frenchman’s charm. “I’d lost my dating skills so my cynicism radar was gone and I was confused,” she says. “I felt like a teenager again. But he was just so hot and it was fun.”

I have kids

“Be up front about the fact you have children,” Dr McMillan says. “Some guys would rather not deal with this particular situation. If that’s the case, it’s better to eliminate them early rather than risk getting attached.”

Sarah learned this the hard way. “I was ‘Cinderella’ because I had to be home by midnight for the babysitter,” she says. “He said, ‘You’re really gorgeous but I don’t want to see you anymore — you’re a mother and mothers are boring.’ So we left it at that.”

Keeping the faith

Don’t get discouraged if you don’t find someone straight away, Dr McMillan says.

“Give yourself some time to adjust to dating again. You’re looking to find someone who’s a good long-term match for you and your kids.”

Sarah moved on. “I got into the rhythm of being single again as a different person,” she says. “I had another low-commitment, long-distance relationship and that ran its course as well. Then I met Pete … [when] I was at the races for work.

“There was a connection there and we have a lot in common, like art. He was also divorced and had two kids. A couple of weeks later we went on a first date. It’s been on since then!

“The children have to come first and your partner has to realise that, and with Pete it’s never been a problem if I had to break a date.”

Meeting the kids

When do you introduce your children to your new partner?

“Even if your new guy is nice, meeting him will be a little confusing for them, so wait until you’re sure the relationship is going to be pretty serious,” Dr McMillan says.

Sarah agrees. “Pete is the first guy I’ve let Lucy see me with besides her dad,” she says. “That was really important. But you can’t let your children dictate who you date. We’ve been together for nearly four years but because of the children it’s gone slowly. We haven’t lived together yet … We’re talking about it.”

Get out there

Think you might be ready to date but don’t know where to look for love?

“Dating sites, fun adult classes like wine-tasting, scuba diving or rock climbing, signing up for a community sports team, or attending business-oriented seminars — there are a huge number of ways to meet new men,” Dr McMillan says.

“Don’t hesitate to go to female-only or female-oriented activities,” Dr McMillan says. “The love of your life could be a friend or relative of someone you meet there. When out and about, the secret is to keep your non-verbal behaviour friendly and open. Be approachable. Be yourself. Enjoy being single because it won’t last forever!”

Your say: Are you a single mother? Have you started dating again? What is the most difficult part of dating the second time around? Contact us at [email protected]

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Kate Middleton is no fashion icon, says US experts

Kate Middleton is no fashion icon, says US experts

She is seen as a fashion trendsetter by many, including actress Anne Hathaway, and the clothes she wears sell out within hours, but some fashion experts say the Duchess of Cambridge is not a style icon.

Speaking at New York Fashion Week, fashion director at US retail chain Nordstrom Gregg Andrews said Middleton was “a style follower, not a trendsetter”, the UK’s Daily Mail reported.

“She is stylish, but she’s not setting trends. She’s following trends,” he said.

“If you take Kate out of the royal family, put her on a street in New York, you wouldn’t look at her twice.

“She’s a beautiful woman, but she blends into a crowd.”

But not all in the fashion industry are so unkind.

Elle Fashion News Director Anne Slowey said there is no question she is influential.

“Is she a style icon of the likes of a Kate Moss? Absolutely not,” she said.

“Is she in the public eye? Are people going to become obsessed with everything she wears regardless of what it is? Yes.”

Despite the differing opinions, to the general public Middleton seems to have a style approach they like.

Her wedding dress, designed by Sarah Burton for British label Alexander McQueen, has attracted more than 350,000 people while on display at Buckingham Palace and during the royal trip to Canada and the US in July, all eyes were on her wardrobe.

Saks Fifth Avenue Senior Fashion Director Colleen Sherin said Middleton’s style could be aspirational for many women.

“She seems to be starting to experiment a bit, to try some different looks and some different designers which I like to see but also still remaining thoughtful and appropriate in her choices and that’s the key to her success,” she said.

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How to decode food labels

Food labels

Knowing about what you eat is an important part of looking after your health and wellbeing. Food labels carry information about the food such as the nutrition panel, ingredient list, allergens, country of origin and advisory statements. But many food labels can be confusing and the nutrition claims can be misleading. Here we decode the facts behind food packaging.

The ingredients list

All of the ingredients contained in the food must be listed in order of dominance. So the ingredient listed first is present in the largest amount while the ingredient listed last is present in the least amount. Try to avoid choosing foods where sugar is one of the first few ingredients in the list, as this means it is packed with sugar.

Common labelling tricks and traps

Light or ‘lite’

Don’t be misled by labelling tricks. The terms used are often misleading. For example, the term ‘light’ or ‘lite’ doesn’t necessarily mean that the product is low in fat or calories. ‘Light’ may refer to the texture, colour, flavour or texture of the food. Always check the nutrition information panel to find out whether the product really is low in fat by comparing the fat content per 100g on the back with similar products.

Cholesterol free

The claims ‘no cholesterol’, ‘low cholesterol’ or ‘cholesterol free’ on foods derived from plants, like margarine and oil, are meaningless because all plant foods contain virtually no cholesterol in their natural form. However, these products can be high saturated fats which can increase you blood cholesterol when you consume them. For instance, sunflower oil has no cholesterol, but is very high in fat and can contribute to weight gain if used too generously.

Low fat

To be considered a low-fat food, low-fat solid foods must contain less than 3 grams of fat per 100 gram serve; low-fat liquid foods must contain less than 1.5 grams of fat per 100ml. Be careful of percentages: If an item claims to be 90 percent fat free, it actually contains 10 percent fat, which is a large amount. This statement is not a trick, but you do have to think backwards to sort it out.

Oven baked, not fried

Although this sounds healthier, the product may still have just as much fat as a fried product. Check the nutrition information panel to be sure.

Reduced fat / salt

Reduced fat does not mean the product is low in fat, but that the product has at least a 25 percent reduction compared to the manufacturer’s normal product of that type. Check the nutrition information panel to determine the level of fat. The same applies to the term ‘reduced salt’.

This usually means free of sucrose, but other types of sugar may be present which contain the same amount of energy. Some other types of sugar that you may find in the ingredients list include: corn syrup, dextrose, fructose, glucose, honey, lactose, maltose, molasses, monosaccharides, sorbitol, sucrose and xylitol.

Read the nutrition information panel

The key nutrients on the nutrition information panel includes energy (kilojoules, kj or calories), total and saturated fat, total carbohydrate and sugars and Glycaemic Index (GI), dietary fibre (only needs to be listed when claims are made) and sodium. The panel also lists ‘per serve’ information and ‘per 100g’.

Energy: Use the per 100g column to compare the energy in similar food products. If you’re watching your weight this will help you to choose products with the lowest kilojoules.

Sugars: Include both naturally occurring (from fruit and milk) as well as added sugars. The healthiest option are foods with 5g sugar or less per 100g.

Saturated fat: This type of fat raises blood cholesterol, so the simple rule is the lower the amount, the better. If the saturated fat is over one third of the total fat content then you should use it sparingly or find a healthier alternative.

Sodium: This is one area that’s very much worth checking out as salt is in so many things not immediately apparent in the ingredient list. Check the sodium content per 100g and opt for anything with 60mg or less.

Look out for food additives

Food additives are chemicals that perform a variety of functions, such as keeping food fresh or enhance its colour, flavour or texture. Additives can be identified in the ingredients list by a number. Some people are sensitive to food additives. Additives that may cause a reaction include flavour enhancers such as monosodium glutamate (MSG) 621; colourings including tartrazine 102, yellow 2G107, sunset yellow FCF110 and cochineal 120; and many preservatives.

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Winehouse’s parents not in denial over her addiction

Amy Winehouse's dad to open rehab centre

The parents of Amy Winehouse, Mitch and Janis, have spoken out about their late daughter and her drug and alcohol addiction, saying that if she had died four years ago they wouldn’t have been surprised.

But her July 23 death shocked the Winehouse family, because the 27-year-old was not taking any hard drugs.

Mitch, who says he is not in denial over his daughter’s drug use, said that she had stopped taking hard drugs in 2008 and that her problem for the last three years had been alcohol.

“In August 2008 she said to me I have finished taking drugs and she stopped taking drugs in December and that was it,” he said on US talk show Anderson.

He said he had been “impressed” with his daughter’s recovery because she hadn’t taken any hard drugs for three years.

“If she had died four years we would have all held out hands up at that point and said ‘okay fair enough’ because she was very ill and she was taking an inordinate amount of drugs and it was a struggle to keep her going,” he said.

During the months before her death, it was clear Amy was still battling with alcohol with numerous reports of her unsteady behaviour.

In one instance she was so drunk that she couldn’t perform and even had trouble clapping her hands.

There were also reports that two weeks prior to her death, while on her way to rehab she drank an entire bottle of vodka and had to stop to be sick in a salon bathroom.

Mitch believes it was the drug Librium, which Amy was taking to treat withdrawal symptoms during her detox from alcoholism, that caused the seizure that killed her.

“Everything Amy did, she did to excess,” he said. “She drank to excess and did detox to excess.”

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Holiday inspiration: St Petersburg, Russia

The tsars are long gone, but their great city of palaces built to impress the West still continues to dazzle 100 years on.
Peterhof Summer Palace

When in St Petersburg there’s nothing quite so decadent as to slip into Yeliseyev’s food hall on Nevsky Prospekt, buy a 300gm tin of chilled caviar ($80) and eat it by the spoonful just up the road in Arts Square.

For something more delicate, opt for golden Oscietra; a tonic that enlivens the senses and helps a hangover. Then there’s sevruga, an intensely dark, almost luminous caviar that’s reputed to add sparkle to a love affair.

Caviar, it has to be said, is one of the city’s great bargains, costing only a third of the price it does Down Under. And a park bench in leafy Arts Square, under the steady gaze of the statue of Russian poet Alexander Pushkin, is the perfect place to enjoy it.

If you’re feeling a little jaded, choose beluga caviar; its opalescent grey-blue beads are said to clean the palate and lift the spirits like vintage champagne.

A stone’s throw away is the Winter Palace, former home of the tsars, who proclaimed that caviar from the sturgeon could be eaten only by members of the imperial family. Anyone found ignoring the decree was imprisoned or put to death.

Ninety years after the fall of the tsars, caviar is making a comeback. In the Caviar Bar of the Grand Hotel Europe on Arts Square, men in Zegna suits buy beluga for $200 a pop — three swallows and it’s gone — that’s equal to twice the average Russian’s monthly wage.

Sharp-suited men such as these could easily stroll into Yeliseyev’s and save themselves a small fortune. But that’s missing the point. Known as blatnoi, they flaunt their wealth as a badge of high office within Russia’s vast black market economy. In St Petersburg, one sees them at all the best addresses.

It’s fascinating to watch them arrive at the Grand Hotel Europe, as I did 18 months ago. Like any international airport, the hotel lobby has a metal detector through which everyone is required to walk.

Every time, without fail, the blatnoi would trigger the alarm. And every time, they would stand aside and shrug their shoulders, before slipping a hand under their jacket to retrieve a gun. Once it was deposited in the hotel safe, they were free to enter.

Yet, it’s a different story down town on Moscow Square (seven stops south of Nevsky Prospekt on the Metro’s Blue Line). Here a monumental statue of Lenin, one of two left standing in the city, dominates a square the size of two football fields.

Nearby ragged pensioners can be often found attempting to sell their last possessions — a few cheap heirlooms, laid out on the grass, or a war medal or two.

After working all their lives under the communist system, this generation now faces abject poverty, their state pensions rapidly evaporating with the onset of capitalism.

Founded over 300 years ago by Peter the Great, St Petersburg was one of the great metropolises of Europe.

Adorned with palaces that matched Versailles, here the ruling Romanovs made their cousins, the Windsors of London, look suburban. Their family feuds, scandalous affairs, secret marriages, coups d’etat, regicide … all ensured that there was never a dull moment at the Romanov court.

Their palaces were the setting for some of St Petersburg’s greatest dramas, and they remain the city’s most glamorous monuments.

By the River Neva runs the colossal facade of the Winter Palace, built by Peter’s daughter, the Empress Elizabeth. A town house for the Romanovs, the palace contains no fewer than 1500 rooms and 117 staircases.

Today it houses the Hermitage Museum, one of the world’s great art collections, started by Elizabeth’s daughter-in-law, Catherine the Great.

Their homes are not confined to the city. To escape the summer heat, the Romanovs built great parks and palaces.

The grandest is the Peterhof, a thunderous statement of the tsars’ power and untouchability. In its Baroque staterooms, mirrors on facing walls reflect a sense of infinite space, as if the Romanovs believed they would go on for ever.

Located just 800km south of the Arctic Circle, St Petersburg may be famous for its freezing winters when ice skating on the Neva is all the rage, but during its sultry midsummer, the sun barely sets.

During the festival of the White Nights, its residents forsake their beds and party all night. You’ll find them drinking vodka on boats cruising the city’s canals, eating borsch and blinis in restaurants on Nevsky Prospekt, the city’s Champs-Elysées, or dancing the night away at one of the grand palaces, dressed in 19th century costumes under crystal chandeliers the size of cars, almost as if the tsars were back in town.

Climb the 262 steps to the colonnade under the great dome of St Isaac’s Cathedral’s and the views of the city will keep you mesmerised for hours. From here, you can see why St Petersburg is the new buzz city in tourism.

A 90-minute boat trip (from the Anichkov Bridge on the Fontanka River) will cover most of the canals, cross the Neva, pass by the Winter Palace, to the Peter and Paul Fortress on the north bank.

Watch out for the historic 1900 cruiser Aurora, which fired the shot of the 1917 Russian Revolution.

Walk along the Griboedova canal and you will pass several beautiful pedestrian bridges, one supported by giant lions, another by cast-iron griffons with golden wings and a thousand reflections of shabby, but still handsome, 18th century buildings.

Eventually you’ll arrive at the Church on Spilled Blood, a riot of colourful onion domes and mosaics, architecture more reminiscent of medieval Moscow than baroque St Petersburg.

Everyone should explore Nevsky Prospekt and Gostinyy Dvor, the city’s 18th century bazaar; Yeliseev’s food hall, the elegant glass-covered Passazh shopping arcade and the incredibly kitsch Versace store (opposite Yeliseev’s), an old palace lodge with its original stone statues of scantily clad Roman legionnaires standing guard outside.

Today Nevsky Prospekt looks like a temple to conspicuous consumption, but it wasn’t always the case. During the 900-day Siege of Leningrad, when Hitler’s armies surrounded the city between 1941 and 1944, when the bombs rained down and the food ran out, people ate cats, dogs, glue, shoes and, in some cases, corpses.

Officially, 632,000 citizens died, though the true figure is probably much higher.

So spare a thought for the old men and women selling summer berries and war medals on Moscow Square. Some of them are the last surviving children of the great siege.

Indulge yourself with a tin of caviar by all means, then make your way Moscow and share your good fortune with some real Russian heroes.

TRAVEL FACTS

A grand tour

Insight Vacations has an eight-day Easy Pace Russia guided tour (from $2350; flights not included) that visits St Petersburg for four days, including visits the Winter Palace, St Isaac’s Cathedral, Fortress of Peter and Paul and Peterhof Summer Palace, and three days in Moscow that includes visits to the Red Square, the Kremlin Fortress, Lenin’s Mausoleum, St Basil’s Cathedral and the metro station, known as “the palaces of the people” with their chandeliers and marble columns. The tour also includes train travel “Soviet-style” between the cities and stays at the St Petersburg Crown Plaza hotel and the Hilton Leningrad Skaya in Moscow. Contact your local travel agent.

Tips

Beware of pickpockets when strolling the city streets. Ensure all valuables are hidden, including cameras. Use money belts and avoid handbags. Wear comfortable shoes as the palaces, historic squares and other historic sites require a lot of walking.

In the northern winter (November-April), take warm clothing suitable for Arctic conditions, such as padded ski jackets and pants, and layers of insulated clothing which are easy to peel off when indoors. In summer, take light clothing, such as cotton trousers, shorts, T-shirts with a fleece for colder snaps at night.

Visas are $85 (single entry tourist). Visit: www.sydneyrussianconsulate.com

Local currency: 31 Roubles = $1.

Visit stpetersburg.com

Getting around

The best way to get around the centre of this historic city is to walk. For longer trips, hire a private car and driver or a taxi with a meter at your hotel (avoid flagging down taxis on street); or take the metro — it’s cheap, clean and safe, has some beautiful historic stations, and is the deepest subway in the world.

Normally trains arrive every 2-3 minutes, with slightly longer waiting periods early in the morning and late at night. Most stations open at about 5:45am and close between midnight and 0:30am. Ensure your city guide book has a metro map.

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Are cartoons ruining our kids?

Violent video games, book, make kids more aggressive

Some of our children’s favourite cartoons are damaging their ability to concentrate, a new study has claimed.

Psychologists in the US found that four-year-olds shown clips of modern fast-paced animations, such as the popular Spongebob Squarepants, performed significantly worse in memory, attention and logic tests than those who spent their time drawing instead.

Related: Overprotective parents raising Generation Fat

The study, published in the current issue of Pediatrics, put 60 American four-year-olds into three groups. One group watched a nine-minute clip from Spongebob Squarepants, in which scenes change every 11 seconds on average, while another group watched an educational cartoon where scenes changed every 34 seconds.

The third group was given paper and crayons and allowed to draw for the same period of time.

The children were then asked to complete several exercises, designed to test their logic, concentration and short-term memory.

The group that watched the fast-paced cartoon performed half as well as the children that watch the educational clip, who performed half as well again as those allowed to draw.

Related: Parents fed up with breastfeeding baby doll

Study leader Dr Angeline Lillard from the University of Virginia said the study’s findings should make parents seriously reconsider the type of TV shows they let their children watch.

“Given the popularity of some fast-paced television cartoons among young children, it is important that parents are alert to the possibility of lower levels of executive function in young children at least immediately after watching such shows,” she said.

Your say: Are you worried about letting your children watch cartoons?

Video: The ADHD epidemic

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